Celery Juice as a Gate Control Theory-Based Nursing Intervention for Chronic Pain in Hypertensive Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Community Health Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62255/noval.v4i1.284Abstract
Chronic pain is a common yet under-recognized complication of hypertension, resulting from sustained vascular stress, sympathetic overactivity, and impaired tissue perfusion. Celery juice (Apium graveolens) has been proposed as a nonpharmacological adjunct to interrupt this pain–pressure cycle, but community-based nursing evidence remains limited. This study evaluated the effect of home-administered celery juice on chronic pain and blood pressure among hypertensive older adults in the Gadingrejo Community Health Center, Pasuruan City, using the Gate Control Theory of pain as the theoretical framework. A quasi-experimental, non-equivalent two-group pretest–posttest design compared one adherent and one non-adherent patient over seven days. Both met identical inclusion criteria and received the same education and intervention offers. The intervention consisted of 200 mL of celery juice administered 1–2 times daily alongside standard nursing care. Pain was assessed using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and blood pressure was measured with a calibrated sphygmomanometer before and after the intervention. Both patients had baseline pain scores of 6 and blood pressure of 160/100 mmHg. The adherent patient improved to a pain score of 3 with reduced blood pressure and better functional comfort, whereas the non-adherent patient improved only to a pain score of 5 with minimal blood pressure change. Regular celery juice consumption was associated with greater reductions in chronic pain and blood pressure, supporting its use as a safe, low-cost nursing adjunct when combined with sustained patient adherence.
Downloads
Keywords:
Hypertension, Celery Juice, Chronic Pain, Gate Control Theory, Quasi-Experimental Nursing CareReferences
Agustin, L., & Addelia, R. (2026). IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERIAN REBUSAN DAUN SELEDRI PADA PASIEN HIPERTENSI DENGAN MASALAH KEPERAWATAN NYERI KRONIS. Progresif?: Media Publikasi Ilmiah. https://doi.org/10.61595/progresif.v14i1.1288
Alobaidi, S., & Saleh, E. (2024). Antihypertensive Property of Celery: A Narrative Review on Current Knowledge. International Journal of Food Science, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/9792556
Azizah, N., Astuti, D., Fanani, Z., Karyati, S., & Kurnia, W. (2020). The Influence of Celery Juice Againts Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertension. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1477. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1477/6/062009
Che, D. N., Shin, J., Kim, H. R., Cho, B., Kang, H., Oh, H., Kim, Y.-S., & Jang, S. (2021). Citric acid and enzyme-assisted modification of flavonoids from celery (Apium graveolens) extract and their anti-inflammatory activity in HMC-1.2 cells. Journal of Food Biochemistry. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfbc.13774
Fariji, A., Sugiri, H., Komalsari, L., Darwanty, J., Zaitun, Z., & Nurdin, A. (2025). CELERY JUICE PLUS GRAPES TO LOWER HYPERTENSION. INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTERPROFESSIONAL HEALTH COLLABORATION AND COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT. https://doi.org/10.34011/icihcce.v6i2.318
Haryati, H., Yuyun, Tjahjadi, V. K., & Herjanto, A. S. (2022). Pengaruh Pemberian Air Seduhan Serbuk Simplisia Seledri (Apium Graveolens) Terhadap Penurunan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi. Dhammavicaya?: Jurnal Pengkajian Dhamma. https://doi.org/10.47861/dv.v4i2.31
Illes, J. (2021). Blood Pressure Change After Celery Juice Ingestion in a Hypertensive Elderly Male. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, 20 2, 90–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2021.04.001
Indrawati, I., & Yulianto, Y. (2023). TISANE CELERY AS A NON-MEDICAL THERAPY IN HYPERTENSION PATIENTS. Proceeding of International Conference of Kerta Cendekia. https://doi.org/10.36720/ickc.v2i1.519
Khademian, Z., Ara, F. K., & Gholamzadeh, S. (2020). The Effect of Self Care Education Based on Orem’s Nursing Theory on Quality of Life and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Hypertension: A Quasi-Experimental Study. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 8, 140–149. https://doi.org/10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.81690.0
Kusumawati, M. S. S., & Pranata, Y. (2025). Potential and mechanism of celery as a supportive therapy for hypertension: A review. Pharmacy Education. https://doi.org/10.46542/pe.2025.252.174179
Liu, D., Zhao, H., Xu, H., & Hu, J. (2025). Effects of celery (Apium graveolens) on blood pressure, glycemic and lipid profile in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Nutrition, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1597680
Mondal, D. A., Dikshit, H., Mohan, L., Kumar, M., Ahmad, M., Kumar, M., & Mishra, D. H. (2022). Evaluation of Analgesic Effect of Apigenin in Rodent. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research. https://doi.org/10.47583/ijpsrr.2022.v72i01.021
Mou, A., Sun, F., Tong, D., Wang, L., Lu, Z., Cao, T., Li, L., You, M., Zhou, Q., Chen, X., Xiang, J., Liu, D., Gao, P., He, H., & Zhu, Z. (2024). Dietary apigenin ameliorates obesity-related hypertension through TRPV4-dependent vasorelaxation and TRPV4-independent adiponectin secretion. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease, 167488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167488
Nuraini, Sunarmi, Yuda, H. T., Annis, N., & Fathia. (2025). The Effect of Celery Leaf Decoction (Apium Graveolens) on Lowering Blood Pressure in Elderly Hypertensive Patients. Professional Evidence-Based Research and Advances in Wellness and Treatment. https://doi.org/10.69855/perawat.v2i3.197
Oktarina, R., & Rahmawaty, S. (2022). The Use of Celery (Apium Graveolens L.) for Reducing Blood Pressure in Individual with Hypertension in Indonesia: A Review Paper. Atlantis Highlights in Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-050-3_22
Rad, S., Moohebati, M., & Mohajeri, S. (2022a). Beneficial effects of celery seed extract (Apium graveolens), as a supplement, on anxiety and depression in hypertensive patients: a randomized clinical trial. Inflammopharmacology, 31, 395–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-01083-y
Rad, S., Moohebati, M., & Mohajeri, S. (2022b). Effect of celery (Apium graveolens) seed extract on hypertension: A randomized, triple?blind, placebo?controlled, cross?over, clinical trial. Phytotherapy Research, 36, 2889–2907. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7469
Rad, S., Moohebati, M., MohammadEbrahimi, S., Motamedshariaty, V., & Mohajeri, S. (2022). Safety evaluation and biochemical efficacy of celery seed extract (Apium Graveolens) capsules in hypertensive patients: a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over, clinical trial. Inflammopharmacology, 30, 1669–1684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10787-022-00986-0
Syam, A. J., & Ismanti, R. (2022). effect of celery extract on lowering blood pressure in patients with hypertension in Sumur Putat, Cipocok Serang Banten. International Journal of Health & Medical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.21744/ijhms.v5n4.1977
Uddin, Z., Macdermid, J., Hegazy, F., & Packham, T. (2021). Application of Theory in Chronic Pain Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Practice. The Open Sports Sciences Journal. https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010106
Wu, J.-Y., Li, Y., Li, B., Wang, Y.-G., Cui, W., Zhou, W.-H., & Zhao, X. (2021). Evidence for 5?HT1A receptor?mediated antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects of apigenin in mice suffering from mononeuropathy. British Journal of Pharmacology, 178, 4005–4025. https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.15574
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Zahrotul Fithria, Bagus Dwi Cahyono, Nurul Huda, Nadia Rohmatul Laili, Sri Wahyuni
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
