Role-Playing Simulations for Resilient Healthcare Systems: Lessons from Pharmaceutical Management in Puskesmas and Pustu
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62255/noval.v3i1.175Abstract
Drug governance in Puskesmas (Community Health Centers) and Pustu (Sub-Health Centers) often faces challenges such as stockouts, expired medications, and improper storage. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a participatory role-playing simulation in enhancing healthcare workers’ competencies in pharmaceutical management. The method involved 8 groups (3–4 participants per group) engaging in diverse scenarios, including essential drug shortages and logistical coordination. Each group simulated problem-solving within a 5-minute timeframe, followed by reflective discussions to identify challenges and solutions. Results showed significant improvements: drug availability increased from 60% to 90%, expired drugs decreased from 25% to 5%, and patient satisfaction rose by 35%. Technology, such as a drug management information system (SIMO), reduced human error, though budget constraints and staff resistance emerged as barriers. Recommendations include strengthening continuous training, adopting hybrid systems (digital-manual), and advocating for policy-level funding. The simulation demonstrated that participatory approaches and appropriate technology enhance primary healthcare resilience while highlighting the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration to ensure sustainable drug governance.
Downloads
Keywords:
pharmaceutical governance, role-playing simulation, Puskesmas, Pustu, drug management information systemReferences
van de Bovenkamp, H. et al. (2024) ‘The patient representation struggle during the COVID-19 pandemic: Missed opportunities for resilient healthcare systems.’, Health expectations?: an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy, 27(1), p. e13877. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13877.
Erfina, E., Hariati, S. and Tawali, S. (2023) ‘Development and evaluation of nursing intervention in preventing stunting in children of adolescent mothers: A mixed-methods research protocol’, SAGE Open [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/02601060231181712.
Hasanbasri, M. et al. (2024) ‘Analyzing Primary Healthcare Governance in Indonesia: Perspectives of Community Health Workers’, Cureus, 16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.56099.
Herstein, J.J. et al. (2021) ‘Emergency preparedness: What is the future?’, Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology?: ASHE, 1(1), p. e29. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/ash.2021.190.
Heryawan, L. et al. (2025) ‘Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR)-Based Interoperability Design in Indonesia: Content Analysis of Developer Hub’s Social Networking Service.’, JMIR formative research, 9, p. e51270. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2196/51270.
Hourani, D. et al. (2021) ‘What Makes for a Successful Digital Health Integrated Program of Work? Lessons Learnt and Recommendations From the Melbourne Children’s Campus.’, Frontiers in digital health, 3, p. 661708. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.661708.
Jeong, Y. et al. (2024) ‘Building Pandemic-Resilient Primary Care Systems: Lessons Learned From COVID-19.’, Journal of medical Internet research, 26, p. e47667. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2196/47667.
Killion, C.M., Sfiligoj, R. and Williams, E.A. (2022) ‘Caring for the poor: Lessons learned from a simulation on social determinants of health.’, Applied nursing research?: ANR, 67, p. 151623. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2022.151623.
Lapao, L.V., da Silva, M.M. and Gregorio, J. (2017) ‘Implementing an online pharmaceutical service using design science research.’, BMC medical informatics and decision making, 17(1), p. 31. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-017-0428-2.
Lickness, J. et al. (2021) ‘COVID-19 mitigation measures to maintain access to essential health services: new opportunities with long-term benefits.’, The Pan African medical journal, 40, p. 254. Available at: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2021.40.254.31264.
Sanabria-Fernandez, J.A. and Lazzari, N. (2025) ‘Fostering marine resilience through the reduction of anthropogenic pressures in temperate rocky reefs.’, Marine pollution bulletin, 216, p. 117957. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117957.
Sathiya, V. et al. (2023) ‘Reshaping healthcare supply chain using chain-of-things technology and key lessons experienced from COVID-19 pandemic.’, Socio-economic planning sciences, 85, p. 101510. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2023.101510.
Toska, A. et al. (2025) ‘Quiet Quitting in the Hospital Context: Investigating Conflicts, Organizational Support, and Professional Engagement in Greece.’, Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy), 15(2). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15020038.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anatasya Eka Purwitasari, Bunga Destiana Anjelita, Nabila Luthfi Auliamanda, Revalia Nafisa Zahra, Mika Vernicia Humairo

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.